RDS ( Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

RDS:- Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

It useually  occures in new born children 

"It is a serious lung disease caused by immaturity and inability to produce surfactant resulting in hypoxia and acidosis.

What is surfactant ??

Surfactant is a complex misture of phospholipids and protiens that reduces surface tension of the air liquid of the aveolus.

formation of surfactnt startes from the 20th week of gestation and maximum formtion at 28th wee of gestation.evidence by it founds in amniotic fluid at 28th -32th week of gestation age.

surfactant actives between 32 to 36 weeks of gestation

Pathophysiology:-

1. Insuficency of surfactant
2. inabelity of lungs reexpansion
3. Reduces concentration of  O2 in blood
4. Increases CO2 concentration in blood 
5. Hypoxia occures
6. Cynosis and acidosis occures
7. Disturbance in other metabolic conditions 

What are the risk factors of  RDS??

• Prematurity
• maternal D.M.
• Aspiration of gestric contains 
• preterm delivery

Causes of RDS:- Insufficiency of surfactant

What are the sign and symptoms of RDS/ ARDS:-

• Trachypnea
• Rapid and shallow breathing
• cynosis on skin
• Inspiration retraction {due to decrease pressure in chest activity}
• Nasal flaring
• Hypoxia
• Hypothermia
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What are the diagnostic test for ARDS:-

• ABG Analysis:
• PO2 less than 40 mm of hg
• PCo2 greter than 65mm of hg
• PH is 7.15

• X-RAY CHEST :-
• Bell shape lungs
• glass like apperence

• SHAKE TEST:-
• It is a test which performed before delivery.It tells the postmaturity of  fetal lungs.  In this test 0.5ml amniotic fluid is taken from amniotic cavity after that 0.5ml NS and 1ml 95% ethrol are mixed after that shacked it for 1 min and placed the tube vertically.If bubble apper than lungs are mature,if not than lungs are immature.

• BLOOD TEST

What is the treatment of ARDS ??

• Bcauses RDS is a seviour lung disorder atelectasis can be devvelops.

• Oxizen therapy :- To maintain spo2 and po2 level in the blood 
• o2 by oxizen hood 
• O2 by mechanical ventilator :

• Fluid managment:- Give fluid body weight ratio if we administered high volume of fluid it can cause emphysema and low amount of fluid can cause shock.

• Carticosteroid Therapy 

Nursing Interventions:-

1. Monitor colour of skin, respiratory rate.
2. provide suctioning  2hourly. 
3. Administor O2 as prescribtion [ maximum rate 4-5L/Min]
4. Provide side line or head elevate if secretion are present than give sitting position.
5. Administor synthetic surfactant [curosurf,exosurf].
6.  Administor corticosterod in minimum gape of 48 hour before delivery.
7. Use PEEP mode.