Anemia is a condition in which lack enough healthy red blood cells to carrying unsufficent oxygen to the body's tissues.
anemia can might be treated from taking supplements to medical procedures. anemia might be prevented by taking some types of eating a healthy,or varied diet.
Symptoms of anemia
some times anemia don't shows its sign and symptoms, but in the case of
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Pale or yellowish skin
- Irregular heartbeats
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chest pain
- Cold hands and feet
- Headaches
Causes
Anemia occurs when blood doesn't have enough RBC count
Red blood cell can be reduced due following resones
- Body doesn't make enough red blood cells
- Bleeding
- Distructions of red blood cells
Functions of Red Blood Cells
Body produced three types of blood cells - white blood cells[WBC] to fight infection, platelets to help in blood cloting and red blood cells [RBC] carrys oxygen throughout your body.
RBC contain hemoglobin, Hb is an iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color. Hemoglobin enables RBC to carry O2 from your lungs to all parts of the body and to carry CO2 from other parts of the body to the lungs to be exhaled.
RBC, are produced regularly in the red bone marrow To produce hemoglobin and red blood cells, body needs iron, vitamin B-12, and other nutrients.
Types of anemia
Iron deficiency anemia. This is the most common type of anemia is iron deficency anemia which caused by a shortage of iron in the body. The bone marrow needs iron to produce hemoglobin. Without adequate iron,body can't produce enough hemoglobin for RBC.
this type of anemia occurs in pregnant women.
causes of iron deficency anemia- blood loss, such as from heavy menstrual bleeding, an ulcer, cancer and regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin, which can cause inflammation of the stomach lining resulting in blood loss.
Vitamin deficiency anemia. to produce enough amount of RBC body needs folate and vitamin B-12. A diet lacking in these and nutrients can cause decreased RBC production,
Pernicious anemia - some people are unable to absorb B-12 vitamin. This can lead to vitamin deficiency anemia, it is known as pernicious anemia.
- Aplastic anemia. This is a rare type of anemia it is a life-threatening anemia occurs when your body doesn't produce enough RBC
- Causes of aplastic anemia is infections, certain medicines, autoimmune diseases and exposure to toxic chemicals.
- Hemolytic anemias This group of anemia develops when the hemolysis occurs faster than hemopoesis. blood diseases increase the rate of hemolysis. it can be a inherit anemia or it can develop it later in life.
- Sickle cell anemia. This is an inherited type of anemia and sometimes get serious
- causes- It's caused by a defective form of hemoglobin that turns red blood cells to an abnormal (sickle) shape. These irregular blood cells die prematurely, resulting in a shortage of red blood cells.
- Thalassemia- this is an inerited disorder,in which the structure of beta chain is disturbed. Due to these cause the hemoglobine become weak and distructed before its life span.
Risk factors
- A diet lacking in certain vitamins and minera
- Theinstestinal disorder are also effects the absorbstion of the vitamins or nutrients
- Menstruation. .
- Pregnancy.
Chronic diseases
- Family history. If the paient have family history of thalasemia,it is possible to have anemia
- Infections
- heamrrhage
- Age. with growing age it get more risk to have anemia
Complications
- Severe fatigue.
- Pregnancy complications. it can cause to many complications , such as premature birth.
- Heart problems. due to lack of hemoglobine the capacity of oxygen carring is get reduced, and the demand of body tissue to o2 does not decrease due to these condition,the rhythm of heart can be disturb
- Death if the pt have thalasemia or the sickel cell anemia
Prevention
it is not easy to prevent anemia, and some type of anemia cant be prevented due to there structural changes in the call or inheridity like thalasimea.but the other types of anemia can be prevented by doing the following
- Taking Iron in the food . Iron-rich foods are beef and other meats, beans, lentils, i, dark green leafy vegetables, and dried fruit.
- Folate in the diet. it is the synthetic form folic acid, it can be found in fruits and fruit juices, green leafy vegetables, , kidney beans, peanuts, and such as bread, cereal, pasta and rice.
- By taking Vitamin B-12. vitamin B-12 is found in some food include meat, dairy products, and fortified cereal
- Vitamin C is also effectivent prevent anemia. vitamin C are found in citrus fruits and juices, peppers, tomatoes, melons and strawberries. The vitamine c also help increase iron absorption.
